How Google Drive, DropBox. WorK?

I Got question in Mind How Google Drive, Dropbox, Skydrive work  then I  search about storage combination methood. One of my friend told some Technology used  by Amazon S3 .He Just Told me about GlusterFS.  



GlusterFS is an open source, distributed file system capable of scaling to several petabytes (actually, 72 brontobytes!) and handling thousands of clients. GlusterFS clusters together storage building blocks over Infiniband RDMA or TCP/IP interconnect, aggregating disk and memory resources and managing data in a single global namespace. GlusterFS is based on a stackable user space design and can deliver exceptional performance for diverse workloads.

Figure 1. GlusterFS – One Common Mount Point
GlusterFS supports standard clients running standard applications over any standard IP network. Figure 1, above, illustrates how users can access application data and files in a Global namespace using a variety of standard protocols.
No longer are users locked into costly, monolithic, legacy storage platforms. GlusterFS gives users the ability to deploy scale-out, virtualized storage – scaling from terabytes to petabytes in a centrally managed and commoditized pool of storage.
Attributes of GlusterFS include:

• Scalability and Performance
• High Availability
• Global Namespace
• Elastic Hash Algorithm
• Elastic Volume Manager
• Gluster Console Manager
• Standards-based

This tutorial shows how to combine four single storage servers (running CentOS 6.3) to one large storage server (distributed storage) with GlusterFS. The client system (CentOS 6.3 as well) will be able to access the storage as if it was a local filesystem. GlusterFS is a clustered file-system capable of scaling to several peta-bytes. It aggregates various storage bricks over Infiniband RDMA or TCP/IP interconnect into one large parallel network file system. Storage bricks can be made of any commodity hardware such as x86_64 servers with SATA-II RAID and Infiniband HBA.
Please note that this kind of storage (distributed storage) doesn’t provide any high-availability features, as would be the case with replicated storage.

1 Preliminary Note

In this tutorial I use five systems, four servers and a client:

• server1.example.com: IP address 192.168.0.100 (server)
• server2.example.com: IP address 192.168.0.101 (server)
• server3.example.com: IP address 192.168.0.102 (server)
• server4.example.com: IP address 192.168.0.103 (server)
• client1.example.com: IP address 192.168.0.104 (client)

All five systems should be able to resolve the other systems’ hostnames. If this cannot be done through DNS, you should edit the /etc/hosts file so that it looks as follows on all five systems:
vi /etc/hosts

27.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
192.168.0.100   server1.example.com     server1
192.168.0.101   server2.example.com     server2
192.168.0.102   server3.example.com     server3
192.168.0.103   server4.example.com     server4
192.168.0.104   client1.example.com     client1

::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

(It is also possible to use IP addresses instead of hostnames in the following setup. If you prefer to use IP addresses, you don't have to care about whether the hostnames can be resolved or not.)

2 Enable Additional Repositories

server1.example.com/server2.example.com/server3.example.com/server4.example.com/client1.example.com:
First we import the GPG keys for software packages:
rpm –import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY*
Then we enable the EPEL6 repository on our CentOS systems:
rpm –import https://fedoraproject.org/static/0608B895.txt
cd /tmp
wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm
yum install yum-priorities
Edit /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo…
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
… and add the line priority=10 to the [epel] section:

[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
priority=10
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
[...]

3 Setting Up The GlusterFS Servers

server1.example.com/server2.example.com/server3.example.com/server4.example.com:
GlusterFS is available as a package for EPEL, therefore we can install it as follows:
yum install glusterfs-server
Create the system startup links for the Gluster daemon and start it:
chkconfig –levels 235 glusterd on
/etc/init.d/glusterd start
The command
glusterfsd –version
should now show the GlusterFS version that you’ve just installed (3.2.7 in this case):
[root@server1 ~]# glusterfsd –version
glusterfs 3.2.7 built on Jun 11 2012 13:22:28
Repository revision: git://git.gluster.com/glusterfs.git
Copyright (c) 2006-2011 Gluster Inc. <http://www.gluster.com>
GlusterFS comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
You may redistribute copies of GlusterFS under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
[root@server1 ~]#
If you use a firewall, ensure that TCP ports 111, 24007, 24008, 24009-(24009 + number of bricks across all volumes) are open on server1.example.com, server2.example.com,server3.example.com, and server4.example.com.
Next we must add server2.example.com, server3.example.com, and server4.example.com to the trusted storage pool (please note that I’m running all GlusterFS configuration commands from server1.example.com, but you can as well run them from server2.example.com or server3.example.com or server4.example.com because the configuration is repliacted between the GlusterFS nodes – just make sure you use the correct hostnames or IP addresses):
server1.example.com:
On server1.example.com, run
gluster peer probe server2.example.com
gluster peer probe server3.example.com
gluster peer probe server4.example.com
Output should be as follows:
[root@server1 ~]# gluster peer probe server2.example.com
Probe successful
[root@server1 ~]#
The status of the trusted storage pool should now be similar to this:
gluster peer status
[root@server1 ~]# gluster peer status
Number of Peers: 3
Hostname: server2.example.com
Uuid: da79c994-eaf1-4c1c-a136-f8b273fb0c98
State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)
Hostname: server3.example.com
Uuid: 3e79bd9f-a4d5-4373-88e1-40f12861dcdd
State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)
Hostname: server4.example.com
Uuid: c6215943-00f3-492f-9b69-3aa534c1d8f3
State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)
[root@server1 ~]#
Next we create the distributed share named testvol on server1.example.com, server2.example.com, server3.example.com, and server4.example.com in the /data directory (this will be created if it doesn’t exist):
gluster volume create testvol transport tcp server1.example.com:/data server2.example.com:/data server3.example.com:/data server4.example.com:/data
[root@server1 ~]# gluster volume create testvol transport tcp server1.example.com:/data server2.example.com:/data server3.example.com:/data server4.example.com:/data
Creation of volume testvol has been successful. Please start the volume to access data.
[root@server1 ~]#
Start the volume:
gluster volume start testvol
It is possible that the above command tells you that the action was not successful:
[root@server1 ~]# gluster volume start testvol
Starting volume testvol has been unsuccessful
[root@server1 ~]#
In this case you should check the output of…
server1.example.com/server2.example.com/server3.example.com/server4.example.com:
netstat -tap | grep glusterfsd
on both servers.
If you get output like this…
[root@server1 ~]# netstat -tap | grep glusterfsd
tcp        0      0 *:24009                     *:*                         LISTEN      1365/glusterfsd
tcp        0      0 localhost:1023              localhost:24007             ESTABLISHED 1365/glusterfsd
tcp        0      0 server1.example.com:24009   server1.example.com:1023    ESTABLISHED 1365/glusterfsd
[root@server1 ~]#
… everything is fine, but if you don’t get any output…
[root@server2 ~]# netstat -tap | grep glusterfsd
[root@server2 ~]#
[root@server3 ~]# netstat -tap | grep glusterfsd
[root@server3 ~]#
[root@server4 ~]# netstat -tap | grep glusterfsd
[root@server4 ~]#
… restart the GlusterFS daemon on the corresponding server (server2.example.com, server3.example.com, and server4.example.com in this case):
server2.example.com/server3.example.com/server4.example.com:
/etc/init.d/glusterfsd restart
Then check the output of…
netstat -tap | grep glusterfsd
… again on these servers – it should now look like this:
[root@server2 ~]# netstat -tap | grep glusterfsd
tcp        0      0 *:24009                 *:*                     LISTEN      1152/glusterfsd
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdom:1018 localhost.localdo:24007 ESTABLISHED 1152/glusterfsd
[root@server2 ~]#
[root@server3 ~]# netstat -tap | grep glusterfsd
tcp        0      0 *:24009                 *:*                     LISTEN      1311/glusterfsd
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdom:1018 localhost.localdo:24007 ESTABLISHED 1311/glusterfsd
[root@server3 ~]#
[root@server4 ~]# netstat -tap | grep glusterfsd
tcp        0      0 *:24009                 *:*                     LISTEN      1297/glusterfsd
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdom:1019 localhost.localdo:24007 ESTABLISHED 1297/glusterfsd
[root@server4 ~]#
Now back to server1.example.com:
server1.example.com:
You can check the status of the volume with the command
gluster volume info
[root@server1 ~]# gluster volume info
Volume Name: testvol
Type: Distribute
Status: Started
Number of Bricks: 4
Transport-type: tcp
Bricks:
Brick1: server1.example.com:/data
Brick2: server2.example.com:/data
Brick3: server3.example.com:/data
Brick4: server4.example.com:/data
[root@server1 ~]#
By default, all clients can connect to the volume. If you want to grant access to client1.example.com (= 192.168.0.104) only, run:
gluster volume set testvol auth.allow 192.168.0.104
Please note that it is possible to use wildcards for the IP addresses (like 192.168.*) and that you can specify multiple IP addresses separated by comma (e.g.192.168.0.104,192.168.0.105).
The volume info should now show the updated status:
gluster volume info
[root@server1 ~]# gluster volume info
Volume Name: testvol
Type: Distribute
Status: Started
Number of Bricks: 4
Transport-type: tcp
Bricks:
Brick1: server1.example.com:/data
Brick2: server2.example.com:/data
Brick3: server3.example.com:/data
Brick4: server4.example.com:/data
Options Reconfigured:
auth.allow: 192.168.0.104
[root@server1 ~]#
lient1.example.com:
On the client, we can install the GlusterFS client as follows:
yum install glusterfs-client
Then we create the following directory:
mkdir /mnt/glusterfs
That’s it! Now we can mount the GlusterFS filesystem to /mnt/glusterfs with the following command:
mount.glusterfs server1.example.com:/testvol /mnt/glusterfs
(Instead of server1.example.com you can as well use server2.example.com or server3.example.com or server4.example.com in the above command!)
You should now see the new share in the outputs of…
mount
[root@client1 ~]# mount
/dev/mapper/vg_client1-LogVol00 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
server1.example.com:/testvol on /mnt/glusterfs type fuse.glusterfs (rw,allow_other,default_permissions,max_read=131072)
[root@client1 ~]#
… and…
df -h
[root@client1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_client1-LogVol00
9.7G  1.7G  7.5G  19% /
tmpfs                 499M     0  499M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             504M   39M  440M   9% /boot
server1.example.com:/testvol
116G  4.2G  106G  4% /mnt/glusterfs
[root@client1 ~]#
Instead of mounting the GlusterFS share manually on the client, you could modify /etc/fstab so that the share gets mounted automatically when the client boots.
Open /etc/fstab and append the following line:
vi /etc/fstab

[...]
server1.example.com:/testvol /mnt/glusterfs glusterfs defaults,_netdev 0 0

Again, instead of server1.example.com you can as well use server2.example.com or server3.example.com or server4.example.com!)
To test if your modified /etc/fstab is working, reboot the client:
reboot
After the reboot, you should find the share in the outputs of…
f -h
… and…
mount

5 Testing

Now let’s create some test files on the GlusterFS share:
client1.example.com:
touch /mnt/glusterfs/test1
touch /mnt/glusterfs/test2
touch /mnt/glusterfs/test3
touch /mnt/glusterfs/test4
touch /mnt/glusterfs/test5
touch /mnt/glusterfs/test6
Now let’s check the /data directory on server1.example.com, server2.example.com, server3.example.com, and server4.example.com. You will notice that each storage node holds only a part of the files/directories that make up the GlusterFS share on the client:
server1.example.com:
ls -l /data
[root@server1 ~]# ls -l /data
total 0
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 2012-12-17 14:26 test1
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 2012-12-17 14:26 test2
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 2012-12-17 14:26 test5
[root@server1 ~]#
server2.example.com:
ls -l /data
[root@server2 ~]# ls -l /data
total 0
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 2012-12-17 14:26 test4
[root@server2 ~]#
server3.example.com:
ls -l /data
[root@server3 ~]# ls -l /data
total 0
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 2012-12-17 14:26 test6
[root@server3 ~]#
server4.example.com:
ls -l /data
[root@server4 ~]# ls -l /data
total 0
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 2012-12-17 14:26 test3
[root@server4 ~]#